The Impact of Plea Bargaining on Trial Justice from a Comparative Perspective Free Essay Example, 3750 words

The Yugoslavia Tribunal made the point that plea bargaining was inconsistent with its purposes in this situation and that the crimes they were dealing with were too reprehensible for a plea to be negotiated. The same policy was adopted by the Rwanda Tribunal who sentenced Jean Kambanda to life imprisonment though he had pleaded guilty to genocide. In recent times as caseloads have grown there has bee a move towards accepting plea bargaining. In 2003 the trial of Mrs Plavsic for atrocities committed against Bosnian Muslims accepted a plea of persecution as opposed to the original charge of genocide2. As a result, she was sentenced to 11 years in prison. This verdict provoked mixed reactions with some welcoming it as a step towards reconciliation whilst others criticized the court for having greater concern for the judicial economy rather than the interests of the victims (Combs, 2007). Although justification can be given for the use of plea bargaining in particular concerned with the financial saving of the judiciary many victims fail to be convinced that this is acceptable. Many want to see proper retribution for the crimes committed and see the acceptance of plea bargaining as ignoring the suffering of the victims so as to ensure the financial prosperity of the judiciary (Dressler, 1995). We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Plea Bargaining on Trial Justice from a Comparative Perspective or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Teenage Pregnancy Rates And The United States - 3104 Words

Even though teenage pregnancy rates have decreased in the U.S. in recent years, the rates are far behind European countries. Studies have shown that U.S. teenagers have (a) high rates of sexual intercourse at a younger age, (b) high rates of sex without contraceptives, (c) high rates of pregnancy, (d) and high number of multiple sex partners in comparison to European countries like Sweden, France, Netherland (Bell, 2009). One of the main reasons for high rates of teenage pregnancy in the U.S. is the continuation of ineffective abstinence based education (Bell, 2009) and not allowing teenagers to make abortion related decisions. In the U.S. Eighty two percent of the teenage pregnancy is unintended and 37 % of total unintended pregnancies result in abortion. Teenagers choose to abort babies because of shame, staying focused on career, unstable financial status to support babies and not getting emotional and economic support from parents. Twenty two percent of pregnant teenagers choose not to tell their parents (ACLU, 2001). Teen Pregnancy Prevention Intervention (TPPI) was initiated with the objective of reaching teenagers to create awareness and help them make safe sex choices and prevent pregnancy through comprehensive sex education. However, the policy of after school program has hindered in providing effectiveness of sex education because most of the minority students are not able to participate since they have to go to work and help their parents to support their family.Show MoreRelatedUnited States has the Highest Rate of Teenage Pregnancies Essay1687 Words   |  7 Pages We are number one in the world for teenage pregnancy, about 500,000 births per year from girls under twenty. Second in the statistic is Poland, who only has about 30,000 teenage births in a year. When the topic of sex arises, people become uncomfortable because it is a subject that is thought of as personal and secretive. However, people aren’t only uncomfortable with the subject because of it being taboo, people try to avoid the subject because they aren’t always informed correctly about it andRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy : A Social Issue1551 Words   |  7 PagesTeenage pregnancy rates have been declining in the United States, but when compared to pregnancy rates in other industrial countries such as Canada and the United Kingdom they are still relatively high. (Office of Adolescent Health, 2016). Teenage pregnancy is defined by UNICEF, as an adolescent between the ages of thirteen to nineteen becoming pregnant. (UNICEF Malaysia Communications). Teenage pregnancy is viewed as a social issue because of the way it affects a country’s economy, the mother andRead MoreThe Dilemma of a Pregnant Teenage In the world of today, one of the most predominant controversies,1000 Words   |  4 PagesThe Dilemma of a Pregnant Teenage In the world of today, one of the most predominant controversies, we have been facing for decades is ‘Teenage Pregnancy’. Teenage pregnancy, affects different aspects of life, the newborn, mother and family of the teenagers involved. Few people believe that the society should be reprimanded. But I believe the society, should not take all the blame. In spite of societal blames, teens having unprotected/protected sex and getting pregnant are personal decisions. ThereRead MoreEssay on Implications of Teenage Pregnancy in the United States1457 Words   |  6 Pagespercent of Unite State teenagers between the ages of 15 and 19 become pregnant every year. And even though some studies have shown that the incidence of teenage pregnancy has generally been in decline since 1991, the causes and effects of underage childbearing has continued to be a big burden on families, the public and government. Babies having babies is the simplistic way that some people have described the spe cter of having a baby while teenager are unprepared. The United State case study whichRead MoreEssay on The Impact of Teen Pregnancy on the American People832 Words   |  4 PagesThe Impact of Teen Pregnancy on the American People Although the rate of teenage pregnancy in the United States has been on an overall decline, it remains the highest in the entire world. Teenage pregnancy is obviously still a problem in todays American society with roughly 97 per 1000 women aged 15-19, which rounds up to be roughly one million teenagers, becoming pregnant each year. Interestingly enough, 78% of these pregnancies are unintended. The births of these children are not onlyRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1664 Words   |  7 PagesMaria Isabel Terrazas English 4 Miss Stahlecker 4 November 2015 Teenage Pregnancy According to cda.org, in 2013, a total of 273,105 babies were born to women that were in between the ages of 15-19 years old. Teenage pregnancy is a major concern in today’s society. This paper will talk about teenage pregnancy, statistics, ways to prevent teenage pregnancy, and after birth options. So why is teenage pregnancy so important? Some people are concerned about teens getting pregnant at such an early ageRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Rates Among Ethnicities1059 Words   |  5 Pages Teen Pregnancy Rates Among Ethnicities Dr. Maria Reid Florida International University Friday, June 17, 2016 Vanessa Romano Stephanie Maquieira Teenage pregnancy has been viewed as an issue for many years, not only for teenage mothers but for babies as well. Much importance has been placed on this subject for the reason that although these rates are declining, they remain elevated. The United States represents over 600,000 American teen pregnancies every year, making this the highestRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy in City of Los Angeles644 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Teenage Pregnancy 2 Running head: Teenage Pregnancy 1 Teenage Pregnancy in City of Los Angeles Teenage Pregnancy in City of Los Angeles This paper casts light upon the health issues related to teenage pregnancy in the city of Los Angeles. Teenage pregnancy is an important issue as it affects multiple aspects of population growth, women health and economic conditions. Los Angeles is situated in the south of state of California, USA. It enjoys significant portion of eminence when rated inRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Is An Issue For A Plethora Of Reasons1344 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage pregnancy is an issue for a plethora of reasons. For example, there are many health risks for the mother and the baby that come along with teenage pregnancy. Although most pregnancies are accidents, this one accident can cause a complete change in the father and mother’s lives. One may ask, is teenage pregnancy on the rise? Luckily, it isn’t. Just in 2013, â€Å"there were 26.6 births for every 1,000 adolescent females ages 15-19, or 274,641 babies born to females in this age group† (â€Å"Teen Births†)Read MoreThe Aspen Education Group1185 Words   |  5 Pagesinvolved in sexual behavior. It was also reported from this organization that high school youth were reported to have been sexually active at a percentage of 66.4%. This is alarming and reflects the fact that teenagers are sexual active at extremely high rates. The public have been made known to the fact by government sponsored initiatives that sexual activity amongst youth has steadily increased over the past thirty years. Teenagers have an intense interest in sexually behavior because of the increase of

A Deadly Mistake Uncovered on Academic Editing Service and How to Avoid It

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The Art and Science of Leadership- Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write an Essay on Leadership and Management. Answer: Introduction: A study is to be conducted to evaluate the advantages that value based leadership lay in the organisational scenario of the rule based organisation. The study would be developed on the background scenario of the Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC). It would be based on the journey of Lieutenant General Janet Wolfenbarger who served as the Vice Commander of AFMC. During her tenure, she was entrusted with the responsibility of initiating certain structural change in the organisational scenario of AFMC. Such changes drew severe criticism from various quarters like the Congressmen rebuked her for being progressing with the changes, but she remained firm on her responsibilities (Winig, 2016). Wolfenbarger cited that such changes though would be instrumental in closing 7 out of 12 centres of the AFMC base and doing away with 9,000 civilian jobs, the result would be a better structure for AFMC enhancing its efficiency. Throughout the process, Wolfenbarger maintained a strong personality of he rself to initiate the right action for the benefit of AFMC and her motherland which shows the enunciation of the value based leadership. Value based leadership: The core aspect of value based leadership lies in motivating the subordinates by associating them with the organisational goals linking with their personal values (Prasad, 2014). In value based leadership, the leaders are responsible for communicating the organisational values to his fellow members so that they could actively support the mission undertaken by the organisation. For instance, Wolfenbarger while taking over the command of AFMC on her very first day called for a meeting of her subordinate commanders to brief them of her approach. It served as an opportunity for the new commander to bring in confidence her subordinates to implement the structural change of the highly esteemed institution of AFMC. It is done on the part of Wolfenbarger to concentrate on the core values of the institution to provide efficiency at its optimal level. The efficiency element would apparently form the guiding principle portraying the strength of the institution (Craig Campbell, 2012). It is bec ause the core value of efficiency holds the soul of the institution AFMC irrespective of the passage of time and dynamic scenario. The value based leadership strives to be the role model for his followers as seen in the case study wherein Wolfenbarger stands for integrity, service before self and excellence in every sphere. So her subordinate commanders have her live examples which would motivate them to accomplish the task given to them (Buelens, et al., 2011). The strong personality of Wolfenbarger would apparently inspire the entire workforce and direct her subordinates too to believe in the depth and sincerity of the institution. The edge of value based leadership lies in four distinct principles self-reflection, balancing act, self-confidence and general humility. It is considered that self-reflection in the sphere of value based leadership has the ability to recognise and reflect for which the leader stands for in context to his value and his aim (Armstrong, 2014). As seen in the case study, Wolfenbarger has been very clear about her views as she is determined to implicate the changes in the organisational scenario of AFMC as it would bring about a very constructive change in its organisational sphere. The balancing act principle shows the ability to foresee situations from multiple standpoints and differing Belvederes to have a greater understanding. The balancing act, in this case, implies considering all the scenarios with equal weightage and an open mind (McShane, et al., 2012). Wolfenbarger has seen that the structural change would be instrumental in saving billions of dollar of the American exchequer and also implicate efficiency at a greater level for which AFMC strives for. Self-confidence is another competitive edge that characterises the value based leadership as they could recognise their strengths and weaknesses for contemplating constant development (Herman, 2011). Wolfenbarger has faced severe criticism from the Congressmen and a section of the AFMC officers for initiating such changes. But she was confident enough that the scheduled changes are about to bring in the organisational sphere of AFMC. It is seen that the structural change has been beneficial of saving costs worth $6 billion. Further beyond the cost effectiveness, AFMC achieved process improvement which impacted the mission on a significant note (Winig, 2016). It was this self-confidence that was able to hold herself as she was confronted by the might of the Congressmen. General humility is another sheer advantage that the value based leader stands for keeping life in perspective, especially while the leader is at the helm of his career (Robbins, et al., 2013). Accordingly, Wolfenbarger has given accreditation to the wide family of Air Force she belongs to and keeps her service over and above herself even at the expense of her personal life to accomplish her goals. In value-based leadership, leaders are responsible for managing the value of the business by influencing their team members positively, so that are able to perform their responsibilities successfully and make sure the achievement of goals and mission of the organisation. It is essential for the leaders to lean on organisational value for the purpose of improving the performance. Leaders are also liable to influence team members and motivate them so that they can make the necessary changes and ensure the enhancement of business value (Nahavandi, 2016). Leaders of value-based leadership must be moral and authentic and need to have the capability to make important as well as a positive decision based on the purpose of business. One of the major advantages of value-based leadership is it helps in enhancing the leadership quality. From the provided case study it has been observed that Wolfenbarger has performed various roles for the aim of making and implementing essential changes and enhancing the military value (Ospina, Kersh, Alraqhas, 2015). Leadership roles performed by Wolfenbarger enable her to improve leadership quality and lead the teams in a successful manner. Another advantage of value-based leadership is it also facilitates in mitigating business related issue along with ensuring the prevention of business from unnecessary problems. Wolfenbarger has taken certain initiatives for the purpose of reducing the problems that would arise during the time of making changes. She also motivates her team to perform the roles in a proper way along with ensuring the upcoming mitigation issues and enhancing the leadership as well as work value. She also has taken the initiative to mitigate the problem associated with the military work (Chhokar, Brodbeck, House, 2013). Value-based leadership also ensure the healthy and productive culture, which is an advantage of this leadership. Based on the case study it is noticed that Wolfenbarger always try to maintain a good culture so that team can perform their day-to-day work successfully and attain the mission. Along with several advantages, there are also certain disadvantages of value-based leadership, for example, such type of leadership require strong and expertise leaders. As per the given case study, Wolfenbarger is case study is a strong leader and have the capability to perform its roles and responsibilities and lead its team properly (Copeland, 2014). But still, there is a problem in terms of the deal with the difficult situation for the reason of certain ineffective personnel, which is acknowledged by Wolfenbarger. It creates a problem in making the necessary changes in military and implementing the new structure. Another disadvantage is lots of time and resources to gain success. Due to lack of effective resources, Wolfenbarger faced the issue in terms of cope-up with new changes and handling the complex situation in an efficient manner. In this context, it is important for Wolfenbarger to develop efficient plan and strategy to deal with the problems along with improving the valu e of military work and leadership. Conclusions: It is perceived that the aspect of the value based leadership does not lead them to lose their sight of their original goal or task as seen in the case study done on Wolfenbarger. The lady has been accredited for being the first woman to hold the helm point of AFMC, and she got the responsibility for initiating the historical structural change in the organisational sphere of AFMC. Her attributes of self-reflection, balancing act, self-confidence and general humility have paved her to bring in the required changes in AFMC in the face of stiff opposition from influential sources in the government. It is the essential characteristics of the value based leadership that Wolfenbarger possesses that helped her to put forth her responsibilities over and above everything else even her personal life. She has been a strong leader who has never bowed out of the scenario, but she initiated processes that led her to do the right thing at the right time. Therefore it is hereby concluded that it is the value based leadership aspect of Wolfenbarger which initiated the right action in the rule based organisation like AFMC. References Armstrong, M. . T. S., 2014. Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice.. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Buelens, M., Sinding, K. Waldstrom, C., 2011. Organisational Behaviour. 4th ed. London: McGraw-Hill Education. Chhokar, J., Brodbeck, F. House, R., 2013. Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. London: Routledge. Copeland, M., 2014. The emerging significance of values based leadership: A literature review. International journal of leadership studies, 8(2), p. 105. Craig, T. Campbell, D., 2012. Organisations and the business environment. London: Routledge. Herman, R. D., 2011. The Jossey-Bass handbook of nonprofit leadership and management. London: John Wiley Sons. McShane, S., Olekalns, M. Travaglione, T., 2012. Organisational Behaviour: Emerging Knowledge. London: Global Insights. Nahavandi, A., 2016. The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. London: Pearson. Ospina, S., Kersh, R. Alraqhas, Y., 2015. Exploring Value-Based Leadership in Public Careers. Public Administration Review, 75(5), pp. 770-773. Prasad, K., 2014. Making wise decisions: leadership lessons from Mahabharata. Journal of Management Development, 33(8/9), p. 835 846. Robbins, S., Judge, T. A., Millett, B. Boyle, M., 2013. Organisational behaviour. London: Pearson Higher Education AU. Winig, L., 2016. Value Based Leadership: A Platform for the Challenge-Opportunity Driving Tough Organizational Changes, Cambridge: Harvard Kennedy School.